Fallaner, CC BY-SA 4.0 Although poppies are the birthday flower for those born in August, they are most frequently associated with World War I and remembering the soldiers who died during that war. The use of poppies as symbols of death is far older than the early twentieth century. It stretches far back, into ancient times.
The ancient Greeks connected poppies with sleep because of the sedative nature of its sap. After her daughter Persephone was abducted by Hades, the gods gave Demeter, the goddess of harvest, a poppy to help her sleep. Afterwards, poppies sprang from Demeter’s footsteps. She transformed her mortal lover, Mecon, into a poppy.
The ancient Greeks connected poppies with sleep because of the sedative nature of its sap. After her daughter Persephone was abducted by Hades, the gods gave Demeter, the goddess of harvest, a poppy to help her sleep. Afterwards, poppies sprang from Demeter’s footsteps. She transformed her mortal lover, Mecon, into a poppy.
Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams, is frequently represented with poppies. The drug morphine, which is derived from poppies, got its name from Morpheus. Nyx, the god of night, is also associated with poppies. Hypnos, the god of sleep, and his twin brother Thanatos, the god of death, wore crowns of poppies.
Death and sleep have been intertwined concepts for a long time. In the Bible, Daniel 12:2 describes the dead as "those who sleep in the dust of the earth.” Shakespeare has Hamlet compare sleep to death (line 72).
Death and sleep have been intertwined concepts for a long time. In the Bible, Daniel 12:2 describes the dead as "those who sleep in the dust of the earth.” Shakespeare has Hamlet compare sleep to death (line 72).
Victorians decorated tombstones with poppies representing eternal sleep.
The association between poppies and sleep continues today. In The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, Toto and two of her companions fall asleep crossing a field of poppies. In the movie version, the Witch of the West casts a spell over a poppy field. The book, however, explains that the field itself has the power to make cause sleep:
“They now came upon more and more of the big scarlet poppies, and fewer and fewer of the other flowers; and soon they found themselves in the midst of a great meadow of poppies. Now it is well known that when there are many of these flowers together their odor is so powerful that anyone who breathes it falls asleep, and if the sleeper is not carried away from the scent of the flowers he sleeps on and on forever. But Dorothy did not know this, nor could she get away from the bright red flowers that were everywhere about; so presently her eyes grew heavy and she felt she must sit down to rest and to sleep.” –L. Frank Baum, The Wizard of Oz
“They now came upon more and more of the big scarlet poppies, and fewer and fewer of the other flowers; and soon they found themselves in the midst of a great meadow of poppies. Now it is well known that when there are many of these flowers together their odor is so powerful that anyone who breathes it falls asleep, and if the sleeper is not carried away from the scent of the flowers he sleeps on and on forever. But Dorothy did not know this, nor could she get away from the bright red flowers that were everywhere about; so presently her eyes grew heavy and she felt she must sit down to rest and to sleep.” –L. Frank Baum, The Wizard of Oz
Poppies became associated with World War I because of a poem written by a Canadian doctor who was stationed in Belgium during the war. Lieutenant Colonel John McRae wrote In Flanders Fields, which talks about the poppies growing among the new grave markers, on May 3, 1915 after officiating at the funeral of his friend and brother in arms, Alexis Helmer. His poem was published in Punch Magazine and became an instant sensation.
Moina Michael, an American working at the YMCA Overseas War Secretaries Office in New York, read the poem and was so moved that she vowed to wear a poppy on her lapel to honor the men who had died in war. She bought silk poppies for her colleagues, then lobbied to have the poppy adopted as a symbol of national remembrance.
At the same time, a French woman Anna Guérin was also promoting silk poppies. The director of the “American and French Children’s League,” Ms. Guérin adopted the poppy as the charity’s emblem. The charity provided war veterans, women, and children with fabric to make artificial poppies, which were then sold to help fund the rebuilding of war-torn regions of France and to assist orphaned children. In Britain, a similar campaign raised money to help Veterans in find employment and housing.
At the same time, a French woman Anna Guérin was also promoting silk poppies. The director of the “American and French Children’s League,” Ms. Guérin adopted the poppy as the charity’s emblem. The charity provided war veterans, women, and children with fabric to make artificial poppies, which were then sold to help fund the rebuilding of war-torn regions of France and to assist orphaned children. In Britain, a similar campaign raised money to help Veterans in find employment and housing.
The poppies that grew in the fields of Flanders were blood red. The poppies that grow in Southern New Mexico, when my novel A Blaze of Poppies begins and ends, are the bright yellow Mexican poppy. Southern New Mexico is part of the Chihuahuan Desert, the largest desert in North America. It receives between six and sixteen inches of rain a year. When the spring rains come, parts of the dry, brown desert explode into fields of brilliant yellow poppies. If red poppies remind man of sleep, death, and remembering the dead, the bright Mexican poppies must surely symbolize the renewal of life in all its brilliance and hope.
Agnes Day, the main character in A Blaze of Poppies begins her story on a ranch in the dry New Mexican desert. It leads her to the field hospitals of France, where she witnesses the death and destruction of war first hand. But it is poppies that blaze the trail back to her beloved ranch.
Agnes Day, the main character in A Blaze of Poppies begins her story on a ranch in the dry New Mexican desert. It leads her to the field hospitals of France, where she witnesses the death and destruction of war first hand. But it is poppies that blaze the trail back to her beloved ranch.
Jennifer Bohnhoff is a former history teacher who lives in the mountains of central New Mexico. Her novel A Blaze of Poppies is due out in October, 2021 and is currently available for preorder.
